Ratchet-wrench



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

A. H. ROLLIN. RATHET WRENH.

(No M odel.)

Patented Agg.' 11, 1885. i

WITNESSES:

ATTORNEYS.

N. PEI'ERS, Pnmounagnphr, wamingmn, D. C.

(No Model.)

A. H. ROLLIN. RATGHET WRENCH.

Patented Aug. 11, 1885. l

WITNESSES @wwf/ Z-Sheets-Sheet 2.

mmwo Zbfmy ATTORNEYS."

NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALBERT HARRISON ROLLIN, OF COLDVATER, MICHIGAN.

RATCHET-WRENGH.

.-- H JIJATIOI forrningpart of Letters Patent No. 324,169, dated August l1, 1885.

Application tiled March 10, 1885. (No model To afl whmn it may concern: Be it known that I, ALBERT HARRIsoN ROLLIN, of Coldwater, in the county of Branch and State of Michigan,have invented a new and useful Improvement in Ratchet -Vl/Irenches, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description. Y

The object of my invention is to provide a ratchet-wrench which can be quickly adjusted and will securely hold different sizes of nuts, bolts, &c., and which can be readily released after the nut or bolt has been driven home.

My invention consists of a ratchet-head having a series of cams which coincide with and work movable jaws, peculiarly-constructed pawls which engage with teeth on the camhead, a spring for releasing these pawls, an oscillating handle provided with operatingpawls, and a collar adapted to throw ont of engagement either or both of the operatingpawls.

My invention further consists in the details of construction and combinations of parts, as

'will be hereinafter fully described and claimed.

Reference is to bez had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure l is a front elevation of mymproved wrench. Fig. 2 is a back elevation of the same. Fig. is a longitudinal section on the line x x, Fig. `2. Fig. 4 is a detail view of one of the pawls for operating the movable jaws. Fig. 5 is a sectional view on the line g/ y of Fig. 3. 'Fig 6 is a sectional view on the line 4zz'of Fig. 3. Fig. 7 is a side view of the ratchet-head. Fig. 8 isa sectional view on the line z z of Fig. 2.

In the drawings, A represents the ratchethead, having teeth a on its periphery, into which the pawls Z) and b engage.

B B are semicircular plates connecting the handle with the ratchet-head from the offset g. These plates are attened to form a recess to receive the ratchet-head A. On the inner sides of said flattened portions are formed lugs C,which project in a plane at right angles to the said plates. These lugs C are adapted to work invcircular grooves c in the head A. Screws d secure the plates B B together after the lugs C have been insert ed into the grooves c. By

this arrangement the head A is securely connected with the handle, and'at the same time allows the handle to freely move to the right or left around the head. The pawls b and b which engage the teeth t work in openings in the plates B and B and are pivoted at e.

D is a contractile spring for holding the pawls b and b Vin contact with the teeth a. The plates B and B are screw-threaded internally at their outer ends to receive an externallythreaded nut, E, through which the shank ofthe handle F passes. Before screwing the nut E on a loose collar, G, is passed on the semicircular plates B and B', which collar works between offsets g on the plates B and B and the nut E.

' On the internal surface of the collar G, and at the outer part thereof, it has a recessed or reduced portion, G', which extends about three-quarters around. This recess G is for the reception ofthe lower angular proj ect-ions, b2, of the pawls b and b', when they are in engagement with the teeth a on the head A. W hen it is desired to throw one of the pawls out of engagement with the teeth a, the collar G is given a slight turn either to the right or left, which forces one of the projections, b2, out of the recess-G onto the unbroken surface of the collar G, which will throw the corresponding pawl out of engagement. By turning the collar G so as to allow both pawls to fall into the recess G', the operation of what is termed coaXing a nut can be performed-that is, to work it back and forth for a portion of a turn before going ahead.

On the head A, and facing inwardly, a series of cams, H, are formed, upon which the movable j aws I work. Each jaw I is provided on its inner face with the shoulder I and the lugs I2, and on its outer surface at its opposite end with the lug I3.

In a groove,z', which extends half-way around the head, as shown in Figs. 5 and 7, a semicircular holder, J, isvadapted to move, and pivoted to this holder at Z are two radial bars, j, which extend through slots in the head A, and into slots m in the movable jaws I. By these means the jaws I are held in their proper relative positions opposite each other. The movable jaws I are also heldin place by means of short projecting lugs k on their ends, Fig. 6, which have eyes for the reception of retaining-pins p. The lugs k are passed through IOO slots o in the walls oi' the cams II, and the pins p inserted into the eyes, thereby holding the jaws in place and at the same time allowing them play to the full extent of the slots o.

On the inner l'ace of the head A, and just above the slots o, teeth 'l are formed, Fig. 2, with which engage the pawls L, attachedto and through the medium of which the rnovable jaws are tightened on the nut, bolt, Snc. Springs g are secured in depressions in the i'aee oi" the jaws I and bear against the pawls L to prevent their dropping out of Contact with the teeth Ii. rIhe pawls L have shallow slotsMontheirengaging-points,through which the spring N passes, as shown by Fig. L The spring N, which may be made of any suitable spring-metal wire, passes around the face of the head A, and is held in proper working position to the pawls L by means of hooks r, which are secured in the head A, and under which the spring N passes. The ends of the said spring are carried from the head down through the semicircula-r plates B and B to a small opening in the head ol' a screw-plug, O, and there secured. rIhis plug O screws into the shank of the handle F.

In operating the wrench the jaws I are placed over a nut. Either of the pawls b and b are brought by means ofthe collar G into enf gagement with teeth (t. rlhe handle is moved from right to left, or vice versa. This movement brings the pawls L into play, which causes the jaws I to grip the nut tightly by the action of the cams I-I, and then the head A revolves and the nut is driven home.

In order to release the wrench from the nut, the handle is drawn outward in the nut E. This causes the spring N to contract laterally, and as the pawls L straddle the spring it is evident that the pawls L will be thrown out of engagement with the teeth K, and thejaws I will then become loose and can be released from the nut, &c.

S represents a wedgeshaped releaser, which is held in position by means of a pivot, s, projecting from the plate B', and which works between said plate and the head A. The pivot s projects through a slot, s, in the releaser S, and in this slot under the pivot s a spiral spring, t, is seated.

Then the spring N is contracted, as above described, it will lorce the releaser S out toward the head A, and when the pressure ot' the spring N is removed the spiral spring t will return the releaser S to its iirst position. ',lhe object oi' this is as follows: If after screwing up a nut it is found that either ofthe pawls L come to a rest just above the releaser S, where the spring N cannot act against it, the releaser S, moving up,will accomplish the object oi' throwing the pawl out of engagement.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent-- l. In a wrench, the combination, with the head A, having grooves c, of the plates B and l', carrying handle F, and having lugs C,

which work in the grooves c, the said plates B I3 being secured together by screws d, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. In a wrench,the combination, with the head A, having teeth a, of the pawls b and b', having angular projections b, and working through slots in the semicircular plates B and B', and pivoted at e, said pawls being thrown into and out of engagement by means of a spring, D, and collar G, having reduced portion G", substantially as and for the purpose speeiiied.

3. In a wreneh,thc head A, having teeth a, in combination with the pawls b and b and the collar G, having recessed portion G to receive the angular projections I)2 on the pawls b amLb, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

si. In a wrench, the combination, with the head A, having a series ot' cams, H, ofthe jaws I, each provided with a shoulder, I', and lugs Il I, substantially as herein shown and described.

5. In a wrench, the combination, with the head A, cams H, and jaws I, of the semicircular holder J sliding in the groove i, and having short bars j, passing through slots t" and into slots m in the jaws I, substantially as and for the purpose speciicd.

6. In a wrench, the combination, with the head A, cams H, and jaws I, oi' the lugs k projecting through slots 0, and having eyes to receive pins p, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

7. In a wrench, the head A,having a groove, t', and slots v1 to receive the seniicircnlar holder .I and radial bars j, in combination with the jaws I, having lugs k, projecting through slots o, and pins p, inserted into eyes in the lugs k, substantially as and for the pur pose speciied.

8. In a wrench, the combination, with the jaws I, resting against cams II, and adapted. to be held in position by means of semicircular holder J, having radial barsj, and held to the cams II by lugs 7c and pins p, of the pawls L, having contactsprings q, said pawls engaging the teeth K in the head A, snbstantially as and for the purpose specified.

9. In a wrench, the combination, Vwith the pawls L, ofthe spring N, held to head A by hooks r, and passing through open slots M in the pawls L, the said spring being fastened to handle F by means of screw-plug O, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

l0. In a wrench, the combination, with the pawls L, spring N, and movable handle F, of the wedgeshaped releaser S between plate B and head A, and having slot s to receive a pivot projection, s', and a spring, t, the releaser S being operated by means of spring N, substantially as and for the purpose speci iied.

ALBERT HARRISON ROLLIN.

IVitnesses:

Isaac M. SELovER, Rawson I-IAnMoN.

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